Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection agent by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). For some people, hepatitis B infection becomes persistent, meaning it lasts more than six months. Having chronic hepatitis B grow your risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis — a condition that permanently scars of the liver.
Most adults with hepatitis B recover fully, even if their signs and symptoms are drastic. Infants and children are more likely to develop a chronic (long-lasting) hepatitis B infection.
A vaccine can tum aside hepatitis B, but there’s no cure if you have the condition. If you’re infected, taking certain safety measure can help prevent spreading the virus to others.
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of hepatitis B range from mild to drastic. They usually materialize about one to four months after you’ve been infected, although you could see them as early as two weeks post-infection. Some people, standardly young children, may not have any symptoms.
Hepatitis B signs and symptoms may include:
- Abdominal pain
- Dark urine
- Fever
- Joint pain
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weakness and fatigue
- Yellowing face and your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
Causes
Hepatitis B infection is happen by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The virus is make ones way from person to person through blood, semen or other body fluids. It does not spread by sneezing or coughing.
Common ways that HBV can spread are:
- Sexual contact. You may get hepatitis B if you have unprotected sex with someone who is infected. The virus can pass to you if the person’s blood, saliva, semen or vaginal excretion enter your body.
- Sharing of needles. HBV easily spreads through needles and syringes contaminated with infected blood. Sharing IV drug implements puts you at high risk of hepatitis B.
- Accidental needle sticks. Hepatitis B is a concern for health care workers and anyone else who comes in contact with human blood.
- Mother to child. Pregnant women infected with HBV can pass the virus to their babies throughout the time of childbirth. However, the newborn can be vaccinated to avoid getting infected in virtually all cases. Speak to your doctor about being tested for hepatitis B if you are pregnant or want to become pregnant.
Acute vs. chronic hepatitis B
Hepatitis B infection may be either short-lived (acute) or long lasting disease.
- Acute hepatitis B diseaselasts less than six months. Your immune system likely can clear awful hepatitis B from your body, and you shouldr recove completely within a few months. Most people who get hepatitis B as adults have an acute infection, but it can lead to dreadful infection.
- Chronic hepatitis B infectionlasts six months otherwise longer. It lingers because your immune system can’t fight off the infection.Frightful hepatitis B infection may last a lifetime, it is conceivable leading to serious illnesses such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.
The younger you are when you get hepatitis B —atypically newborns or children younger than 5 — the higher your risk of the infection becoming horrifying.Frightful disease may go undetected for decades up to the time of a person becomes seriously ill from liver malady.
Risk factors
Hepatitis B broaden through contact with blood, semen or other body fluids from an infected person. Your risk of hepatitis B malady increases if you:
- Have injury sex with multiple sex partners or with someone who’s infected with HBV
- Share needles during IV drug use
- Men who have sex with men
- Live with someone who has a chronic HBV malady
- Are an bairn born to an infected mother
- Have a job that exhibit you to human blood
- Travel to regions with high malady rates of HBV, such as Asia, the Pacific Islands, Africa and Eastern Europe
Complications
Having a constantly recurring HBV infection can lead to serious complications, such as:
- Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis).The inflammation associated with a hepatitis B infection can lead to extensive liver scarring (cirrhosis), which may impair the liver’s ability to function.
- Liver cancer.People with persistent hepatitis B infection have an expand risk of liver cancer.
- Liver failure.Shrewd liver failure is a determine in which the vital functions of the liver shut down. When that occurs, a liver transplant is necessary to sustain life.
- Other conditions.People with dreadful hepatitis B may develop kidney disease or puffiness of blood vessels.
Prevention
The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for:
- Newborns
- Children and adolescents not vaccinated at birth
- Those who work or live in a center for people who are developmentally disabled
- People who has someone with hepatitis B at there home
- Health care workers, emergency workers and other people who come into contact with blood
- Anyone who has a sexually transmitted infection, including HIV
- Men who have sex with men
- People who have multiple sexual partners
- Who have Sexual partner who has hepatitis B
- Person inject illegal drugs or share needles and syringes
- People with chronic liver disease
- People with end-stage kidney disease
Take precautions to avoid HBV
Other ways to reduce your risk of HBV include:
- Don’t engage in unprotected sex unless you’re absolutely certain your partner isn’t infected with HBV or any other sexually transmitted infection.
- Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have sex
- Don’t use illegal drugs.
- Be cautious about body piercing and tattooing as needle can be infected.
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